The Structuration of Public Participation: Organizing Environmental Control

A growing body of participation literature muses over why current mechanisms of public participation persist when they so often fail; calls for expanding the conceptual boundaries of participation beyond institutional mechanisms, and highlights the role communication, and allied concepts such as discourse and rhetoric, play in participatory processes. Given these diverse calls, environmental public participation can benefit from building a mid-level theoretical terrain. In this essay, I draw upon the sociological tradition of Anthony Giddens’ structuration theory and parallel systems thinking which foreground a structure-action mode of analysis. Through this lens I articulate the basic premises of a structuration model for environmental public participation, pointing especially to issues of agency, which involves ontological security and ontological competence, social systems, and various elements within duality of structure, with an eye toward communication-centered research. This theoretical space further indicates the possibilities of connecting the material realm of action/practice with the symbolic domain of environmental self.     

电站锅炉运行中12Cr1MoV组织结构变化研究

在某电站锅炉进行定期检验过程中,得到不同运行时间下12Cr1MOV显微组织和力学性能的变化,主要是珠光体的消散与分解碳化物从固溶体中脱溶,碳化物粗化并向晶界转移以及晶粒长大。通过宏观检查、材料化学成分分析、显微组织变化和硬度测量对其高温下的组织结构变化进行研究。     

Are energy efficiency standards justified?

This paper develops an analytical framework for comparing the welfare effects of energy efficiency standards and pricing policies for reducing gasoline, electricity, and nationwide carbon emissions. The model is parameterized with US data and includes key externalities in the energy/transportation sectors and possible underinvestment in energy efficiency due to “misperceptions” over energy savings. Even with large misperceptions, the extra welfare gains from complementing efficient pricing policies with energy efficiency standards are zero for reducing gasoline and 5 percent for reducing electricity. And when viewed as substitutes, these standards forgo 60 percent or more of the potential welfare gains from corresponding pricing policies. A combination of energy efficiency and emissions standards is more than three times as costly as carbon pricing when there is no misperception over energy savings, and even with large misperceptions, combining carbon pricing with gasoline/electricity taxes is better than combining it with energy efficiency standards.     

The political economy of power generation in Zimbabwe since 1980

This article presents a historical analysis of the power generation choices in Zimbabwe since independence in 1980; their causes and consequences. In the early 1980s, the electricity supply choices of the country were dictated by a policy of self-sufficiency, and least-cost supply options (e.g. imports and hydropower) were rejected at a not negligible economic cost. At the end of the 1980s, a new political environment and pressures from the World Bank prompted substantial changes towards least-cost alternatives. In the early 1990s, security of supply motives still played an important role and financial constraints were severe. At present, however, there is little evidence that imported power is still as cheap a source of electricity as it was about 15 years ago. This situation together with the ongoing trend towards higher discount rates imply that thermal power, in particular coal-fired power, will dominate future electricity supply investments in Zimbabwe.     

企业供电系统安全可靠运行的探讨与实践

介绍了金川公司内部供电系统的概况,对供电系统的故障、事故类型及原因进行了简要分析,对降低故障率、减少一般事故、杜绝重大事故和人身伤亡事故的对策进行了探讨和实践。从企业的人──机──环境的角度提出：①依靠科技进步,提高系统装备安全可靠性;②加强管理,使员工具有较强的安全意识和行为。这两点是供电系统安全可靠运行的两个同等重要条件。     

火电厂对城市空气质量的影响模拟

运用美国ISC3复合工业源模型模拟高井发电厂大气环境影响 ,结果表明 :该厂大气污染物排放的主要影响地区在石景山西北部和门头沟东部 ,丰台西北部和海淀西北部也受到一定影响 ,对老城区影响较小。SO2 、PM1 0 和NOX 年均浓度最大值分别为 2 4 36、1 35、10 30 μg m3,分别占空气质量二级标准的 4 1%、1 35 %、13%。可见 ,高井发电厂对周边区域SO2 浓度影响较大 ,对NOX 也有一定影响 ,对PM1 0 的影响较小。     

“西电东送”贵州火电项目对区域PM10污染的影响

以贵州省为中心的"西电东送"南部通道(20°N～33°N,97°E～118°E)为研究区域,分别对该区域2004(现状年)和2010年(规划年)的PM10污染情况进行模拟和预测.分析了该区域现状年与规划年2个时段的PM10污染空间分布特征,对比了原生和次生PM10的贡献,指出造成该区域PM10污染的主要原因.结果表明:研究区域内PM10污染主要由次生PM10造成,而次生PM10主要是由二氧化硫反应生成的硫酸盐颗粒物.因此,对于贵州火电规划项目而言,减轻区域PM10污染须减排二氧化硫.     

高等水生植物体内酶活性与污水净化

通过研究几种常见高等水生植物净化污水的效果，对水生植物的生理活性与水质的净化关系进行了初步探讨．酶活性的研究结果表明，植物体内过氧化物酶活性的提高，有助于促进植物体的生理代谢活动，并加速水中污染物质的去除速率．植物体内酶活性与水中某些污染物质的去除间呈一定的线性关系．     

手烧室式燃煤锻造加热炉的烟尘治理

为了降低手烧燃煤工业炉窑的烟尘污染，研究设计了简易煤气发生炉，并在燃煤锻造加热炉烟尘治理改造中应用。结果表明：烟气黑度小于林格曼１级，烟尘排放浓度为１２８ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３。     

应用分段烟羽模式估算秦山核电厂(二期)设计基准事故概率后果

采用天气取样技术和分段烟羽模式估算了秦山核电厂二期工程一旦发生设计基准事故，在半径８０ｋｍ评价区内可能造成的事故概率后果。天气取样采用分层取样技术，根据秦山二期厂址百米气象铁塔一年逐时气象观测数据取。持续时间长达３０天的事故释放采用分段烟羽模式由５个不同持续时间，不同释放量的烟段模拟；应用有效扩散参数概念以描述大气稳定度变化对扩散参数的影响，扩散参数采用厂址实测值。